Research progress of operational quantities for external radiation protection / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

A set of new operational quantities for external radiation protection was proposed in ICRU Report 95. The new operational quantities were designed to overcome the conceptual and technical shortcomings of the existing operational quantities, and to achieve a better estimation of the protection quantities. This paper introduces the development of operational quantities, and the changes in their definitions, calculation phantoms and the application scopes, so as to fully understand the significance of the changes in the new operational quantities, which can be used as a reference for the relevant professionals.

Ongoing research on monitoring of internal exposure of nuclear medical staff / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

With the wide application of nuclear medicine and the increase in the number of related staff, the potential occupational health problems should receive enough attention. At present, the personal dose monitoring of most radiation workers in nuclear medicine is mainly based on the information on external exposure provided by thermoluminescence dosimeters whereas the routine internal exposure monitoring has not fully been carried out, thus resulting in underestimating their annual effective dose. Comprehensive personal dose monitoring is not only an important part of occupational health monitoring, but also a crucial means of occupational health management. In this paper, the characteristics of internal exposure in nuclear medicine were analyzed, the monitoring techniques and dose estimating method were introduced, and several commonly used softwares were listed, so as to comprehensively and objectively learn about the current internal radiation exposure of nuclear medicine workers, and to provide reference for health administration departments to formulate regulatory policies and protection requirements.

Investigation and analysis of the needs of young students for popularizing science about nuclear and radiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To be aware of the needs of the young students for nuclear and radiation science popularization, and to provide scientific basis for accurate science popularization.Methods:A simple random sampling method was used to select 1 primary school, 5 middle schools and 2 universities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in December 2020. Questionnaires were distributed through teachers. In addition, convenience sampling method was used to distribute questionnaires in friend circle and other areas to expand the survey scope, with a total of 1 345 respondents. SPSS was used to conduct statistical analysis on the basic information of the respondents, the understanding and concern of nuclear and radiation science popularization and the demand for nuclear and radiation science popularization.Results:A total of 1 120 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 52.4% mainly remained at the conceptual level for the cognition of radiation, 52.2% occasionally paid attention to nuclear and radiation science popularization, 65.3% and 41.3% paid attention to life reference and hobbies, respectively. Radiation protection and its sources and effects received high concern, accounting for 72.6% and 68.3% respectively. Illustration and short video were popular science forms of young students, making up 45.7% and 44.3%, respectively. The students of different genders differed in radiation cognition, degree of concern, purpose of concern and content demand for radiation protection science popularization, and the differences are statistically significant( χ2=10.017, 26.859, 56.237, 17.305, P<0.05). Conclusions:Nuclear and radiation science popularization should consistent with the law of public demand, accurately locate the demand characteristics of young students, and consider the characteristics of different genders, concerns over radiation protection, treatment and damage knowledge from the point of life and fun, so as to improve the public′s attention, enhance the national nuclear science culture, and create a good nuclear safety culture atmosphere.

Effect of high dose irradiation on thermoluminescence detector / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To investigate effect of high dose irradiation on the performances of thermolumines-cence detectors (LiF:Mg, Cu, P). Methods The high-dose irradiated thermoluminescence detector was annealed by a thermoluminescence annealing furnace until the annealing was completed, and then the annealed thermoluminescent detector was irradiated 0.5Gy by 137Cs irradiator to verify the accuracy of the thermoluminescentdetector. Results The thermoluminescence detector after high-dose irradiation could not be completely annealed under the temperature condition of 240 ℃, and it could be completely annealed at a high temperature as 400℃. After 0.5 Gy irradiation by 137Cs irradiator, the measurement results of the annealed thermoluminescence detector were significantly smaller, and the dose response and dispersion of the detector were also changed significantly. Conclusions After a more than 5 Gy irradiation, the crystal structure of the thermoluminescence detector has changed, and a high temperature peak above 240 ℃ has appeared, which leads to the failure to completely anneal at normal temperature. Therefore, the thermoluminescence detector can no longer be used for dosimetry after high-dose irradiation.

Hospital 6S Management and Ethical Construction / 中国医学伦理学

The authors firstly analyzed the integrating point of the 6S management thoughts and the demand of hospital management , as well as the specificity of hospital management in theory .Then summarized the practical experience in the process of the implementation of 6 S management , and sorted out the main problems .At last , this paper tried to give its solutions in terms of cultural concept , ethical construction , support system and information platform so as to enhance connotation of hospital culture and the level of fine management .

Application of tongue-drawing at lateral position in nasogastric intubation for senile patients with conscious disturbance / 现代临床护理

Objective To observe the effect of tongue-drawing at lateral position in nasogastric intubation for senile patients with conscious disorders. Methods One hundred senile patients with conscious disorders were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 50 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were given routine nasogastric intubation while those in the observation group were given nasogastric intubation by tongue drawing at the lateral position. The two groups were compared in terms of success rate of intubation, the rate of adverse reactions and intubation effects. Result Compared with the control group, the observation group showed significantly higher in one-time intubation success rate , comfort rate and lower rate of adverse reaction (all P<0.01). Conclusions The nasogastric intubation by tongue-drawing at lateral position is superior to the routine intubation. It can improve the success rate of one-time intubation, decrease the rate of adverse reactions and relieve the pains of patients.

Investigation and analysis of the perceived stigma among family members of people with schizophrenia / 中华护理杂志

Objectives To explore the perceived stigma among family members of people with schizophrenia and to identify the influential factors related to perceived stigma in socio-demographic characters of family members and patient characters.Methods Total 127 family members of people with schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital in Beijing were surveyed by the Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale developed by Link.Results The mean score of the perceived devaluation-discrimination scale is 2.60±0.44.It was significantly higher than the 2.5 midpoint(t=2.53,P<0.05).Family member's perceived stigma was significantly different between different groups of residence area,education level,occupation and family income (P<0.05).Perceived stigma were not affected by patient characters (P>0.05).Family members'education level was the influencing factors of stigma,and the R~2 Square is 0.213.Conclusions The family members of people with schizophrenia suffered from high stigma.Education level of family member may be one of the influential factors.

Evidence-based medicine and reform in the mode of clinical medical education / 中华医院管理杂志

With the change in the modes of medicine, the traditional educational mode of clinical medicine is unable to meet the development demands of modern medicine. Evidence based medicine, a new mode of medical treatment, reflects the development trends of modern medicine and represents the direction of modern medical advancement. Judging from the perspective of medical education, evidence based medicine is a learning method which differs from the traditional educational mode and represents a new concept of education in clinical medicine. The rise of evidence based medicine demonstrates the direction of reform in medical education in the world today and will also bring about great changes in the mode of medical education in China. It is imperative for us to follow the trend in clinical medical education, update concepts on medical education in line with the basic ideas of evidence based medicine, and push forward reform in the mode of medical education.

Effects of intravenous anesthetics on the phagocytosis of human neutrophils / 中华麻醉学杂志

The effects of intravenous anesthetics on phagocytosis of human neutrophils were observed in vitro. 1?10~6/ml of neutrophils, isolated from heparinized venous blood of healthy human,was mixed at equivalent volume with normal saline (as control), four different concentrations (clinical doses) of droperidoI, midazolam, fentanyl,etomidate or sodium hydroxybutyrate respectively. All mixtures were incubated in each of four 24-pore culture plates. The equivalent volumes of staphylococci 6～9?10~9/ml were added to these mixtures, 10 mins, 30 mins, 2hs or 24hs after incubation individually. The successive incubations lasted 45 mins,and the neutrophil phagoeytosis rate (NPR) was calculated. The results showed that NPR was correlated negatively with the concentration of each anesthetic mentioned above. but was related to its acting-duration. It is demonstrated that these intravenous anesthetics may reduce the phagoeytosis of neutrophils in a dose-related way,therefore we suggest that antibiotics or antineoplastics should be used in combination with these anesthetics during operation.